![François Beaufort](https://web.dev/images/authors/beaufortfrancois.jpg) François Beaufort [GitHub](https://github.com/beaufortfrancois)

<br />


Browser Support

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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/DocumentPictureInPicture)

<br />

The [Document Picture-in-Picture API](https://wicg.github.io/document-picture-in-picture/) makes it possible to open an always-on-top window that can be populated with arbitrary HTML content. It extends the existing [Picture-in-Picture API for `<video>`](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/watch-video-using-picture-in-picture.md.txt) that only allows an HTML `<video>` element to be put into a Picture-in-Picture (PiP) window.

The Picture-in-Picture window in the Document Picture-in-Picture API is similar
to a blank same-origin window opened using [`window.open()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Window/open), with some differences:

- The Picture-in-Picture window floats on top of other windows.
- The Picture-in-Picture window never outlives the opening window.
- The Picture-in-Picture window cannot be navigated.
- The Picture-in-Picture window position cannot be set by the website.

![A Picture-in-Picture window playing Sintel trailer video.](https://developer.chrome.com/static/docs/web-platform/document-picture-in-picture/image/a-picture-picture-window-a75f117724132.png) A Picture-in-Picture window created with the Document Picture-in-Picture API ([demo](https://chrome.dev/document-picture-in-picture-api)).

## Status

| Step | Status |
|---|---|
| 1. Create explainer | [Complete](https://github.com/WICG/document-picture-in-picture/blob/main/README.md) |
| 2. Create initial draft of specification | [In progress](https://wicg.github.io/document-picture-in-picture/) |
| 3. Gather feedback \& iterate on design | [In progress](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/document-picture-in-picture.md.txt#feedback) |
| 4. Origin trial | [Complete](https://developer.chrome.com/origintrials#/view_trial/1885882343961395201) |
| **5. Launch** | **Complete** (Desktop) |

## Use cases

You could use this API in a number of ways, including custom video players,
video conferencing, and productivity apps.

### Custom video player

A website can provide a Picture-in-Picture video experience with the existing [Picture-in-Picture API for `<video>`](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/watch-video-using-picture-in-picture.md.txt), however it is very limited. The existing PiP window accepts few inputs, and has limited ability for styling them. With a full Document in Picture-in-Picture, the website can provide custom controls and inputs (for example, [captions](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=854935), playlists, time scrubber, liking and disliking videos) to improve the user's PiP video experience.

### Video conferencing

Users often, temporarily leave the browser tab during a video conferencing session, such as when presenting from another tab to the call, taking notes, or other multi-tasking activities. However, in most cases, the user still wants to see the call, thus this is an ideal use case for Picture-in-Picture. Once again, the current experience a video conferencing website can provide with the [Picture-in-Picture API for `<video>`](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/watch-video-using-picture-in-picture.md.txt) is limited in style and input. With a full Document in Picture-in-Picture, the website can easily combine multiple video streams into a single PiP window, without relying on [canvas hacks](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/watch-video-using-picture-in-picture.md.txt#show-canvas-element-in-picture-in-picture-window), and provide custom controls, such as sending a message, muting another user, or raising a hand.

### Productivity

Research has shown that users need more ways to be productive on the web. Document in Picture-in-Picture gives web apps the flexibility to accomplish more. Whether it's text editing, note-taking, task lists, messaging and chat, or design and development tools, web apps can now keep their content always accessible.

## Interface

### Properties

`documentPictureInPicture.window`
:   Returns the current Picture-in-Picture window if any. Otherwise, returns `null`.

### Methods

`documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow(options)`

:   Returns a promise that resolves when a Picture-in-Picture window is opened.
    The promise rejects if it's called without a user gesture.
    The `options` dictionary contains the optional following members:

    `width`
    :   Sets the initial width of the Picture-in-Picture window.

    `height`
    :   Sets the initial height of the Picture-in-Picture window.

    `disallowReturnToOpener`
    :   Hides the "back to tab" button in the Picture-in-Picture window if true. It is false by default.

    `preferInitialWindowPlacement`
    :   Open the Picture-in-Picture window in its default position and size if true. It is false by default.

### Events

`documentPictureInPicture.onenter`
:   Fired on `documentPictureInPicture` when a Picture-in-Picture window is opened.

## Examples

The following HTML sets up a custom video player and a button element to open the video player in a Picture-in-Picture window.

```html
<div id="playerContainer">
  <div id="player">
    <video id="video"></video>
  </div>
</div>
<button id="pipButton">Open Picture-in-Picture window</button>
```

### Open a Picture-in-Picture window

The following JavaScript calls `documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()` when the user clicks the button to open a blank Picture-in-Picture window. The returned promise resolves with a Picture-in-Picture window JavaScript object. The video player is moved to that window using [`append()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Element/append).

```javascript
pipButton.addEventListener('click', async () => {
  const player = document.querySelector("#player");

  // Open a Picture-in-Picture window.
  const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow();

  // Move the player to the Picture-in-Picture window.
  pipWindow.document.body.append(player);
});
```

### Set the size of the Picture-in-Picture window

To set the size of the Picture-in-Picture window, set the `width` and `height` options of `documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()` to the ideal PiP window size. Chrome may reduce the option values if they are too large or too small to fit a user-friendly window size.

```javascript
pipButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  const player = document.querySelector("#player");

  // Open a Picture-in-Picture window whose size is
  // the same as the player's.
  const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow({
    width: player.clientWidth,
    height: player.clientHeight,
  });

  // Move the player to the Picture-in-Picture window.
  pipWindow.document.body.append(player);
});
```

### Hide the "back to tab" button in PiP window

To hide the button in the Picture-in-Picture window that allows the user to go back to the opener tab, set the `disallowReturnToOpener` option of `documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()` to `true`.

```javascript
pipButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  // Open a Picture-in-Picture window which hides the "back to tab" button.
  const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow({
    disallowReturnToOpener: true,
  });
});
```

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** The `disallowReturnToOpener` option is available only in Chrome 124 and later.

### Open PiP to default position and size

To not reuse the position or size of the previous Picture-in-Picture window, set the `preferInitialWindowPlacement` option of `documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()` to `true`.

```javascript
pipButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  // Open a Picture-in-Picture window in its default position / size.
  const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow({
    preferInitialWindowPlacement: true,
  });
});
```

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** The `preferInitialWindowPlacement` option is available only in Chrome 130 and later.

### Copy style sheets to PiP

To copy all CSS style sheets from the originating window, loop through [`styleSheets`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Document/styleSheets) explicitly linked into or embedded in the document and append them to the Picture-in-Picture window. Note that this is a one-time copy.

```javascript
pipButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  const player = document.querySelector("#player");

  // Open a Picture-in-Picture window.
  const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow();

  // Copy style sheets over from the initial document
  // so that the player looks the same.
  [...document.styleSheets].forEach((styleSheet) => {
    try {
      const cssRules = [...styleSheet.cssRules].map((rule) => rule.cssText).join('');
      const style = document.createElement('style');

      style.textContent = cssRules;
      pipWindow.document.head.appendChild(style);
    } catch (e) {
      const link = document.createElement('link');

      link.rel = 'stylesheet';
      link.type = styleSheet.type;
      link.media = styleSheet.media;
      link.href = styleSheet.href;
      pipWindow.document.head.appendChild(link);
    }
  });

  // Move the player to the Picture-in-Picture window.
  pipWindow.document.body.append(player);
});
```

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** The `copyStyleSheets` option was supported in a previous version of the specification. This is [no longer the case](https://github.com/WICG/document-picture-in-picture/pull/79).

### Handle when the PiP window closes

Listen to the window `"pagehide"` event to know when the Picture-in-Picture window gets closed (either because the website initiated it or the user manually closed it). The event handler is a good place to get the elements back out of the Picture-in-Picture window as shown here.

```javascript
pipButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  const player = document.querySelector("#player");

  // Open a Picture-in-Picture window.
  const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow();

  // Move the player to the Picture-in-Picture window.
  pipWindow.document.body.append(player);

  // Move the player back when the Picture-in-Picture window closes.
  pipWindow.addEventListener("pagehide", (event) => {
    const playerContainer = document.querySelector("#playerContainer");
    const pipPlayer = event.target.querySelector("#player");
    playerContainer.append(pipPlayer);
  });
});
```

Close the Picture-in-Picture window programmatically by using the [`close()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Window/close) method.

```javascript
// Close the Picture-in-Picture window programmatically.
// The "pagehide" event will fire normally.
pipWindow.close();
```

### Listen to when the website enters PiP

Listen to the `"enter"` event on `documentPictureInPicture` to know when a
Picture-in-Picture window is opened. The event contains a `window` object to access the Picture-in-Picture window.

```javascript
documentPictureInPicture.addEventListener("enter", (event) => {
  const pipWindow = event.window;
});
```

### Access elements in PiP window

Access elements in the Picture-in-Picture window rom the object returned by `documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow()`, or with `documentPictureInPicture.window`.

```javascript
const pipWindow = documentPictureInPicture.window;
if (pipWindow) {
  // Mute video playing in the Picture-in-Picture window.
  const pipVideo = pipWindow.document.querySelector("#video");
  pipVideo.muted = true;
}
```

### Handle events from the PiP window

Create buttons and controls and respond to user's input events (such as
`"click"`), as always in JavaScript.

```javascript
// Add a "mute" button to the Picture-in-Picture window.
const pipMuteButton = pipWindow.document.createElement("button");
pipMuteButton.textContent = "Mute";
pipMuteButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  const pipVideo = pipWindow.document.querySelector("#video");
  pipVideo.muted = true;
});
pipWindow.document.body.append(pipMuteButton);
```

### Resize the PiP window

Use the [`resizeBy()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Window/resizeBy)
and [`resizeTo()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Window/resizeTo)
Window methods to resize Picture-in-Picture window. Both methods require a user gesture.

```javascript
const resizeButton = pipWindow.document.createElement('button');
resizeButton.textContent = 'Resize';
resizeButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
  // Expand the Picture-in-Picture window's width by 20px and height by 30px.
  pipWindow.resizeBy(20, 30);
});
pipWindow.document.body.append(resizeButton);
```

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** Resizing the Picture-in-Picture window is available from Chrome 121.

### Focus the opener window

Use the [`focus()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Window/focus)
Window method to focus the opener window from the Picture-in-Picture window.
This method requires a user gesture.

```javascript
const returnToTabButton = pipWindow.document.createElement("button");
returnToTabButton.textContent = "Return to opener tab";
returnToTabButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  window.focus();
});
pipWindow.document.body.append(returnToTabButton);
```

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** Focusing the opener window is available only in Chrome 123 and later.

### CSS PiP display mode

Use the CSS `picture-in-picture` display mode to write specific CSS rules that are only applied when (part of the) the web app is shown in Picture-in-Picture mode.

```css
@media all and (display-mode: picture-in-picture) {
  body {
    margin: 0;
  }
  h1 {
    font-size: 0.8em;
  }
}
```

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** The CSS picture-in-picture display mode is available in Chrome 123 and later.

## Feature detection

To check if the Document Picture-in-Picture API is supported, use:

```javascript
if ('documentPictureInPicture' in window) {
  // The Document Picture-in-Picture API is supported.
}
```

## Demos

- **VideoJS player** : Play with the Document Picture-in-Picture API [VideoJS player demo](https://chrome.dev/document-picture-in-picture-api).
- [**Tomodoro**](https://lazy-guy.github.io/tomodoro/index.html), a pomodoro web app, takes advantage of the Document Picture-in-Picture API when available. See their [GitHub pull request](https://github.com/lazy-guy/tomodoro/pull/2).

![Tomodoro, a pomodoro web app.](https://developer.chrome.com/static/docs/web-platform/document-picture-in-picture/image/screenshot-tomodoro-po-6e0b39f6f0b17.png) A Picture-in-Picture window in Tomodoro.

## Share your feedback

[File issues on GitHub](https://github.com/WICG/document-picture-in-picture/issues) with suggestions and questions.

## Useful links

- [Public explainer](https://github.com/WICG/document-picture-in-picture/blob/main/README.md)
- [WICG specification](https://wicg.github.io/document-picture-in-picture/)
- [Chromium tracking bug](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1315352)
- [ChromeStatus.com entry](https://chromestatus.com/feature/5755179560337408)
- Blink Component: [`Blink>Media>PictureInPicture`](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/list?q=component:Blink%3EMedia%3EPictureInPicture)
- [TAG Review](https://github.com/w3ctag/design-reviews/issues/798)
- [Intent to Experiment](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/blink-dev/c/Tz1gUh92dXs)
- [Intent to Ship](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/blink-dev/c/JTPl7fM64Lc)