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When a view transition occurs between two different documents it is called a *cross-document view transition*. This is typically the case in multi-page applications (MPA). Cross-document view transitions are supported in Chrome from Chrome 126.
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules/@view-transition)
Cross-document view transitions rely on the very same building blocks and principles as [same-document view transitions](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/view-transitions/same-document.md.txt), which is very intentional:
1. The browser takes snapshots of elements that have a unique `view-transition-name` on both the old and new page.
2. The DOM gets updated while rendering is suppressed.
3. And finally, the transitions are powered by CSS animations.
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** To learn more about these basic building blocks, refer to the [same-document view transitions](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/view-transitions/same-document.md.txt) documentation.
What's different when compared with same-document view transitions, is that with cross-document view transitions you don't need to call `document.startViewTransition` to start a view transition. Instead, the trigger for a cross-document view transition is a same-origin navigation from one page to another, an action that is typically performed by the user of your website clicking a link.
In other words, there is no API to call in order to start a view transition between two documents. However, there are two conditions that need to be fulfilled:
- Both documents need to exist on the same origin.
- Both pages need to opt-in to allow the view transition.
Both these conditions are explained later in this document.
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** In Chrome 126, cross-document view transitions are limited to main frame navigations only. In a future release, cross-document view transitions will also be enabled for navigations occurring in iframes.
*** ** * ** ***
## Cross-document view transitions are limited to same-origin navigations
Cross-document view transitions are limited to **same-origin navigations** only. A navigation is considered to be same-origin if the origin of both participating pages is the same.
The origin of a page is a combination of the used scheme, hostname, and port, as [detailed on web.dev](https://web.dev/articles/same-site-same-origin).
 An example URL with the scheme, hostname, and port highlighted. Combined, they form the origin.
For example, you can have a cross-document view transition when navigating from `developer.chrome.com` to `developer.chrome.com/blog`, as those are same-origin.
You can't have that transition when navigating from `developer.chrome.com` to `www.chrome.com`, as those are cross-origin and same-site.
*** ** * ** ***
## Cross-document view transitions are opt-in
To have a cross-document view transition between two documents, both participating pages need to opt-in to allowing this. This is done with the `@view-transition` at-rule in CSS.
In the `@view-transition` at-rule, set the `navigation` descriptor to `auto` to enable view transitions for cross-document, same-origin navigations.
```css
@view-transition {
navigation: auto;
}
```
By setting `navigation` descriptor to `auto` you are opting in to allowing view transitions to happen for the following [NavigationType](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/NavigateEvent/navigationType)s:
- `traverse`
- `push` or `replace`, if the activation was not initiated by the user through browser UI mechanisms.
Navigations excluded from `auto` are, for example, navigating using the URL address bar or clicking a bookmark, as well as any form of user or script initiated reload.
If a navigation takes too long--more than four seconds in Chrome's case--then the view transition is skipped with a `TimeoutError` `DOMException`.
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** In the future, you can expect more values for more fine-grained control over the navigation conditions. For now, only `auto` is accepted.
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** Back when we were still experimenting with cross-document view transitions, the opt-in was a meta tag. This was a temporary measure to allow authors to test things out while the feature was still being developed. The new way of opting-in to MPA view transitions is from within CSS using the `@view-transition` at-rule.
## Cross-document view transitions demo
Check out the following demo that uses view transitions to create [a Stack Navigator demo](https://view-transitions.chrome.dev/stack-navigator/mpa/). There are no calls to `document.startViewTransition()` here, the view transitions are triggered by navigating from one page to another.
Recording of the [Stack Navigator demo](https://view-transitions.chrome.dev/stack-navigator/mpa-prerender/). Requires Chrome 126+.
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** The forwards and backwards transitions are customized with `pagereveal`, which is covered in the next section.
*** ** * ** ***
## Customize cross-document view transitions
To customize cross-document view transitions, there are some web platform features that you can use.
- [The `pageswap` and `pagereveal` events](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/view-transitions/cross-document.md.txt#pageswap-pagereveal)
- [Navigation activation information](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/view-transitions/cross-document.md.txt#navigation-activation-info)
- [Render blocking](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/view-transitions/cross-document.md.txt#render-blocking)
These features are not part of the View Transition API specification itself, but are designed to be used in conjunction with it.
### The `pageswap` and `pagereveal` events
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/PageSwapEvent)
To allow you to customize cross-document view transitions, the HTML specification includes two new events that you can use: `pageswap` and `pagereveal`.
These two events get fired for every same-origin cross-document navigation regardless of whether a view transition is about to happen or not. If a view transition is about to happen between the two pages, you can access the `ViewTransition` object using the `viewTransition` property on these events.
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** The same-origin navigation cannot include any intermediate cross-origin redirects.
- The `pageswap` event fires before the last frame of a page is rendered. You can use this to do some last-minute changes on the outgoing page, right before the old snapshots get taken.
- The `pagereveal` event fires on a page after it has been initialized or reactivated but before the first rendering opportunity. With it, you can customize the new page before the new snapshots get taken.
For example, you can use these events to quickly set or change some `view-transition-name` values or pass data from one document to another by writing and reading data from [`sessionStorage`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Window/sessionStorage) to customize the view transition *before* it actually runs.
```javascript
let lastClickX, lastClickY;
document.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
if (event.target.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'a') return;
lastClickX = event.clientX;
lastClickY = event.clientY;
});
// Write position to storage on old page
window.addEventListener('pageswap', (event) => {
if (event.viewTransition && lastClick) {
sessionStorage.setItem('lastClickX', lastClickX);
sessionStorage.setItem('lastClickY', lastClickY);
}
});
// Read position from storage on new page
window.addEventListener('pagereveal', (event) => {
if (event.viewTransition) {
lastClickX = sessionStorage.getItem('lastClickX');
lastClickY = sessionStorage.getItem('lastClickY');
}
});
```
If you want, you can decide to skip the transition in both events.
```javascript
window.addEventListener("pagereveal", async (e) => {
if (e.viewTransition) {
if (goodReasonToSkipTheViewTransition()) {
e.viewTransition.skipTransition();
}
}
}
```
> [!IMPORTANT]
> **Important:** The `pagereveal` event listener needs to execute before the first rendering opportunity. Therefore you must register the listener in a classic parser-blocking script in the `` *(not a module, not async, not defer)* . Using an asynchronous script--be it a module or regular `