Capabilities and ChromeOptions

Capabilities are options that you can use to customize and configure a ChromeDriver session. This page documents all ChromeDriver supported capabilities and how to use them.

The WebDriver language APIs provides ways to pass capabilities to ChromeDriver. The exact mechanism differs by the language, but most languages use one or both of the following mechanisms:

1. Use the ChromeOptions class. This is supported by Java, Python, etc.
2. Use the DesiredCapabilities class. This is supported by Python, Ruby, etc. While it is also available in Java, its usage in Java is deprecated.

Using the ChromeOptions class

You can create an instance of ChromeOptions, which has convenient methods for setting ChromeDriver-specific capabilities. You can then pass the ChromeOptions object into the ChromeDriver constructor:

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addExtensions(new File("/path/to/extension.crx"));
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

Since Selenium version 3.6.0, the ChromeOptions class in Java also implements the Capabilities interface, allowing you to specify other WebDriver capabilities not specific to ChromeDriver.

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();

// Add the WebDriver proxy capability.
Proxy proxy = new Proxy();
proxy.setHttpProxy("myhttpproxy:3337");
options.setCapability("proxy", proxy);

// Add a ChromeDriver-specific capability.
options.addExtensions(new File("/path/to/extension.crx"));
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

Using DesiredCapabilities

To use DesiredCapabilities, you need to know the name of the capability and the type of value it takes. See the full list here.

Python

caps = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.CHROME.copy() 
caps['acceptInsecureCerts'] = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=caps)

Ruby

caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(
     "goog:chromeOptions" => {"args" => [ "window-size=1000,800" ]})
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, desired_capabilities: caps

Common use cases

Use custom profile (also called user data directory)

By default, ChromeDriver will create a new temporary profile for each session. At times you may want to set special preferences or just use a custom profile altogether. If the former, you can use the 'chrome.prefs' capability (described later below) to specify preferences that will be applied after Chrome starts. If the latter, you can use the user-data-dir Chrome command-line switch to tell Chrome which profile to use:

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("user-data-dir=/path/to/your/custom/profile");

You can create your own custom profile by just running Chrome (on the command-line or through ChromeDriver) with the user-data-dir switch set to some new directory. If the path doesn't exist, Chrome will create a new profile in the specified location. You can then modify the profile settings as desired, and ChromeDriver can use the profile in the future. Open chrome://version in the browser to see what profile Chrome is using.

Start Chrome maximized

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("start-maximized");

Using a Chrome executable in a non-standard location

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setBinary("/path/to/other/chrome/binary");

Block dialog windows

By default, ChromeDriver configures Chrome to allow pop-up windows. If you want to block pop-ups (i.e., restore the normal Chrome behavior when it is not controlled by ChromeDriver), do the following:

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches",
     Arrays.asList("disable-popup-blocking"));

Set download directory

The following code can be used to configure Chrome to download files to a specific directory. However, there are several caveats to be aware of:

• Chrome disallows using certain directories for download. In particular, you cannot use the desktop folder as the download directory. On Linux, you also cannot use the home directory for download. Since the exact list of forbidden directories is subject to change, it is recommended that you use a directory that has no special meaning to the system.
• ChromeDriver does not automatically wait for download to complete. If you call driver.quit() too soon, Chrome might terminate before the download has finished.
• Relative paths don't always work. For best result, use full path instead.
• On Windows, Use "" as path separators. Using "/" is not reliable on Windows.

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
Map<String, Object> prefs = new HashMap<String, Object>();
prefs.put("download.default_directory", "/directory/path");
options.setExperimentalOption("prefs", prefs);

Recognized capabilities

Please see Selenium documentation and W3C WebDriver standard for standard capabilities accepted by ChromeDriver. Here we only list Chrome-specific capabilities.

ChromeOptions object

Most Chrome-specific capabilities are exposed through the ChromeOptions object. In some languages, this is implemented by the ChromeOptions class. In other languages, they are stored under the goog:chromeOptions dictionary in desired capabilities.

perfLoggingPrefs object

The perfLoggingPrefs dictionary has the following format (all keys are optional):

Returned Capabilities

This is a list of all the Chrome-specific returned capabilities. (i.e., what ChromeDriver returns when you create a new session)