WebCrypto를 사용하여 클라이언트 측에서 데이터 암호화

const recipientKeyPair = await crypto.subtle.generateKey(
  'MLKEM768-X25519',
  false,
  ['encapsulateKey', 'decapsulateKey'],
);

// Export the recipient's public key bytes
const recipientPublicKeyBytes = await crypto.subtle.exportKey(
  'raw-public',
  recipientKeyPair.publicKey,
);

// Import the recipient's public key on the sender (usage must be ['encapsulateKey'])
const importedPublicKey = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
  'raw-public',
  recipientPublicKeyBytes,
  'MLKEM768-X25519',
  true,
  ['encapsulateKey'],
);

const publicKey = await crypto.subtle.getPublicKey(
  recipientKeyPair.privateKey,
  ['encapsulateKey'],
);

// Sender encapsulates a 256-bit AEAD key and produces a ciphertext capsule
const { sharedKey: senderKey, ciphertext: encapsulatedCiphertext } =
  await crypto.subtle.encapsulateKey(
    'MLKEM768-X25519',
    importedPublicKey,
    'ChaCha20-Poly1305', // Or 'AES-GCM'
    false,
    ['encrypt', 'decrypt'],
  );

// Recipient decapsulates the ciphertext capsule to recover the identical AEAD key
const recipientKey = await crypto.subtle.decapsulateKey(
  'MLKEM768-X25519',
  recipientKeyPair.privateKey,
  encapsulatedCiphertext,
  'ChaCha20-Poly1305',
  false,
  ['encrypt', 'decrypt'],
);

const { sharedKey: hkdfBaseKey, ciphertext } = await crypto.subtle.encapsulateKey(
  'MLKEM768-X25519',
  importedPublicKey,
  'HKDF',
  false,
  ['deriveKey'],
);

const aeadKey = await crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
  {
    name: 'HKDF',
    hash: 'SHA-256',
    salt: new Uint8Array(32),
    info: new TextEncoder().encode('envelope-v1'),
  },
  hkdfBaseKey,
  { name: 'AES-GCM', length: 256 },
  false,
  ['encrypt', 'decrypt'],
);

/**
 * Encrypts UTF-8 text with an AEAD CryptoKey ('ChaCha20-Poly1305' or 'AES-GCM').
 * @param {CryptoKey} key
 * @param {string} plaintext
 * @param {Uint8Array} [additionalData]
 */
export async function encryptMessage(key, plaintext, additionalData = new Uint8Array(0)) {
  // Always generate a fresh 12-byte (96-bit) IV per message
  const iv = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
  const encoded = new TextEncoder().encode(plaintext);

  const ciphertextBuffer = await crypto.subtle.encrypt(
    {
      name: key.algorithm.name,
      iv,
      additionalData,
    },
    key,
    encoded,
  );

  return { iv, ciphertext: new Uint8Array(ciphertextBuffer) };
}

/**
 * Decrypts and authenticates an AEAD payload. Throws OperationError if tampered.
 * @param {CryptoKey} key
 * @param {Uint8Array} iv
 * @param {Uint8Array} ciphertext
 * @param {Uint8Array} [additionalData]
 */
export async function decryptMessage(key, iv, ciphertext, additionalData = new Uint8Array(0)) {
  const plaintextBuffer = await crypto.subtle.decrypt(
    {
      name: key.algorithm.name,
      iv,
      additionalData,
    },
    key,
    ciphertext,
  );

  return new TextDecoder().decode(plaintextBuffer);
}

const KEM_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHMS = {
  1184: 'ML-KEM-768',
  1216: 'MLKEM768-X25519',
  1568: 'ML-KEM-1024',
};

export function supportsPostQuantumEnvelope() {
  return (
    typeof globalThis.SubtleCrypto?.supports === 'function' &&
    SubtleCrypto.supports('encapsulateKey', 'MLKEM768-X25519', 'ChaCha20-Poly1305')
  );
}

export async function generateRecipientKeys() {
  if (supportsPostQuantumEnvelope()) {
    const keyPair = await crypto.subtle.generateKey(
      'MLKEM768-X25519',
      false,
      ['encapsulateKey', 'decapsulateKey'],
    );
    const publicKeyBytes = new Uint8Array(
      await crypto.subtle.exportKey('raw-public', keyPair.publicKey),
    );
    return { suite: 'MLKEM768-X25519+ChaCha20-Poly1305', keyPair, publicKeyBytes };
  }

  // Classical fallback: X25519 key agreement + HKDF + AES-GCM
  const keyPair = await crypto.subtle.generateKey('X25519', false, ['deriveBits']);
  const publicKeyBytes = new Uint8Array(
    await crypto.subtle.exportKey('raw', keyPair.publicKey),
  );
  return { suite: 'X25519+HKDF+AES-GCM', keyPair, publicKeyBytes };
}

async function deriveFallbackAesKey(privateKey, peerPublicKey, infoBytes = new Uint8Array(0)) {
  const sharedSecret = await crypto.subtle.deriveBits(
    { name: 'X25519', public: peerPublicKey },
    privateKey,
    256,
  );
  const hkdfKey = await crypto.subtle.importKey('raw', sharedSecret, 'HKDF', false, ['deriveKey']);
  return crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
    {
      name: 'HKDF',
      hash: 'SHA-256',
      salt: new Uint8Array(32),
      info: infoBytes,
    },
    hkdfKey,
    { name: 'AES-GCM', length: 256 },
    false,
    ['encrypt', 'decrypt'],
  );
}

export async function encapsulateEnvelopeKey(
  recipientPublicKeyOrBytes,
  infoBytes = new Uint8Array(0),
) {
  const pubKey =
    recipientPublicKeyOrBytes instanceof CryptoKey
      ? recipientPublicKeyOrBytes
      : await (() => {
          const bytes =
            recipientPublicKeyOrBytes instanceof Uint8Array
              ? recipientPublicKeyOrBytes
              : new Uint8Array(recipientPublicKeyOrBytes);
          const kemName = KEM_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHMS[bytes.byteLength];
          return kemName
            ? crypto.subtle.importKey('raw-public', bytes, kemName, true, ['encapsulateKey'])
            : crypto.subtle.importKey('raw', bytes, 'X25519', true, []);
        })();

  if (pubKey.algorithm.name !== 'X25519') {
    const { sharedKey, ciphertext } = await crypto.subtle.encapsulateKey(
      pubKey.algorithm.name,
      pubKey,
      'ChaCha20-Poly1305',
      false,
      ['encrypt', 'decrypt'],
    );
    return { sharedKey, capsuleBytes: new Uint8Array(ciphertext) };
  }

  // Classical fallback: generate ephemeral X25519 key pair and send ephemeral public key as capsule
  const ephemeral = await crypto.subtle.generateKey('X25519', false, ['deriveBits']);
  const capsuleBytes = new Uint8Array(await crypto.subtle.exportKey('raw', ephemeral.publicKey));
  const sharedKey = await deriveFallbackAesKey(ephemeral.privateKey, pubKey, infoBytes);
  return { sharedKey, capsuleBytes };
}

export async function decapsulateEnvelopeKey(
  recipientPrivateKey,
  capsuleBytes,
  infoBytes = new Uint8Array(0),
) {
  if (recipientPrivateKey.algorithm.name !== 'X25519') {
    return crypto.subtle.decapsulateKey(
      recipientPrivateKey.algorithm.name,
      recipientPrivateKey,
      capsuleBytes,
      'ChaCha20-Poly1305',
      false,
      ['encrypt', 'decrypt'],
    );
  }

  const ephemeralPubKey = await crypto.subtle.importKey('raw', capsuleBytes, 'X25519', true, []);
  return deriveFallbackAesKey(recipientPrivateKey, ephemeralPubKey, infoBytes);
}