使用 Temporal 擷取與位置無關的資料和部分日期

// 1. Parse a calendar date and a wall-clock time from input strings
const birthdate = Temporal.PlainDate.from('1990-01-01');
const reminderTime = Temporal.PlainTime.from('09:00');

// Combine into a location-agnostic PlainDateTime without string interpolation
const localAppointment = birthdate.toPlainDateTime(reminderTime);

// 2. Display without time zone conversion; outputs the same date in any time zone
console.log(birthdate.toLocaleString('en-GB'));
console.log(localAppointment.toString()); // "1990-01-01T09:00:00"

// 3. Read calendar fields directly from the Plain type. A PlainDate already *is*
// a calendar date, so there is no need for the formatToParts() workaround that
// legacy Date code uses to recover year/month/day from an instant.
const { year, month, day } = birthdate;

// Annual recurring event (no year component)
// Include explicit calendar when constructing from an object
const annualHoliday = Temporal.PlainMonthDay.from({
  month: 10,
  day: 31,
  calendar: 'iso8601',
});

const today = Temporal.Now.plainDateISO();
const isToday = annualHoliday.equals(today.toPlainMonthDay());

// Convert PlainMonthDay to a PlainDate with a specific year before doing arithmetic,
// because month lengths (such as February) depend on whether the year is a leap year.
const occurrenceThisYear = annualHoliday.toPlainDate({ year: today.year });

// Monthly expiration (no day component, preventing day-of-month overflow bugs)
const cardExpiry = Temporal.PlainYearMonth.from({
  year: 2027,
  month: 12,
  calendar: 'iso8601',
});
const currentMonth = today.toPlainYearMonth();
const isExpired = Temporal.PlainYearMonth.compare(cardExpiry, currentMonth) < 0;

const billingStart = Temporal.PlainDate.from('2024-01-31');

// Default overflow: 'constrain' clamps Jan 31 + 1 month to the last valid day of February
const nextBilling = billingStart.add({ months: 1 }, { overflow: 'constrain' });
console.log(nextBilling.toString()); // "2024-02-29" (2024 is a leap year)

// Use overflow: 'reject' to throw a RangeError when the target day does not exist
try {
  billingStart.add({ months: 1 }, { overflow: 'reject' });
} catch (err) {
  // RangeError: day 31 does not exist in February
}

// PlainDate -> Date: attach a time zone (time of day defaults to the start of
// that day) to get an Instant, then hand the epoch milliseconds to Date.
// 'UTC' is a deliberate choice and must be documented; any zone would do,
// but the stored instant depends on it.
const instant = birthdate.toZonedDateTime('UTC').toInstant();
const legacyDate = new Date(instant.epochMilliseconds);

// Date -> PlainDate: go back through Instant (legacyDate.toTemporalInstant()
// is equivalent), then project into an explicit time zone. The result depends
// on the zone, which is exactly the drift risk.
const viewedDate = Temporal.Instant.fromEpochMilliseconds(legacyDate.getTime())
  .toZonedDateTimeISO('America/New_York')
  .toPlainDate();

// Compare Plain types with .equals() (or Temporal.PlainDate.compare), not strings.
console.log(viewedDate.equals(birthdate)); // false: the calendar date drifted to 1989-12-31

// Check if Temporal is supported natively
(async () => {
  if (typeof Temporal === 'undefined') {
    // Load the polyfill conditionally
    const module = await import('https://esm.sh/temporal-polyfill');
    globalThis.Temporal = module.Temporal;
    // Extend Date.prototype if needed
    Date.prototype.toTemporalInstant = module.toTemporalInstant;
  }
  initializeApp();
})();