延遲載入影片和音訊

<!-- Above-the-fold hero video: DO NOT use loading="lazy".
     Omit loading (defaults to "eager") so the poster and initial media load immediately. -->
<video
  controls
  width="1280"
  height="720"
  poster="/images/hero-poster.jpg"
  preload="metadata"
>
  <source src="/media/keynote.webm" type="video/webm">
  <source src="/media/keynote.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  <track src="/media/keynote-en.vtt" kind="captions" srclang="en" label="English">
</video>

<!-- Below-the-fold video player:
     MANDATORY: Specify integer width and height attributes so the unloaded video
     has a non-zero layout box to intersect the viewport and avoids layout shift.
     Both the poster image and preload="metadata" are deferred until near the viewport. -->
<video
  controls
  loading="lazy"
  width="800"
  height="450"
  poster="/images/tutorial-poster.jpg"
  preload="metadata"
>
  <source src="/media/tutorial.webm" type="video/webm">
  <source src="/media/tutorial.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  <track src="/media/tutorial-en.vtt" kind="captions" srclang="en" label="English">
</video>

<!-- Below-the-fold inline product loop:
     With loading="lazy" and autoplay, downloading and playback wait until the
     video approaches the viewport. Include muted and playsinline for autoplay. -->
<video
  controls
  loading="lazy"
  autoplay
  loop
  muted
  playsinline
  width="640"
  height="360"
  poster="/images/feature-loop-poster.jpg"
>
  <source src="/media/feature-loop.webm" type="video/webm">
  <source src="/media/feature-loop.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  <track src="/media/feature-loop-en.vtt" kind="captions" srclang="en" label="English">
</video>

<!-- Below-the-fold audio player:
     MANDATORY: Include the controls attribute. Lazy-loaded <audio> without
     controls is invisible, cannot intersect the viewport, and will never load. -->
<figure>
  <figcaption id="episode-title">Episode 42: Browser Architecture Deep Dive</figcaption>
  <audio
    controls
    loading="lazy"
    preload="metadata"
    src="/media/episode-42.mp3"
    aria-labelledby="episode-title"
    aria-details="episode-transcript"
  ></audio>
  <details id="episode-transcript">
    <summary>View transcript</summary>
    <p>Transcript content for Episode 42...</p>
  </details>
</figure>

// Pause autoplaying videos when the user prefers reduced motion
const reducedMotionQuery = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)');

function syncReducedMotion(prefersReducedMotion) {
  for (const video of document.querySelectorAll('video[autoplay]')) {
    if (prefersReducedMotion) {
      video.removeAttribute('autoplay');
      video.pause();
    }
  }
}

syncReducedMotion(reducedMotionQuery.matches);
reducedMotionQuery.addEventListener('change', (event) => {
  syncReducedMotion(event.matches);
});

// Feature-detect native media lazy loading on HTMLMediaElement.prototype
const supportsLazyMedia = Object.hasOwn(HTMLMediaElement.prototype, 'loading');

if (!supportsLazyMedia) {
  const lazyMediaElements = document.querySelectorAll(
    'video[loading="lazy"], audio[loading="lazy"][controls]',
  );

  // Example-only rootMargin value; adjust distance threshold for your layout
  const mediaObserver = new IntersectionObserver(
    (entries, observer) => {
      for (const entry of entries) {
        if (!entry.isIntersecting) continue;

        const media = entry.target;

        // Restore deferred poster and preload attributes when entering the viewport
        if (media.dataset.poster) {
          media.poster = media.dataset.poster;
          delete media.dataset.poster;
        }

        if (media.dataset.preload) {
          media.preload = media.dataset.preload;
          delete media.dataset.preload;
        }

        if (media.dataset.src) {
          media.src = media.dataset.src;
          delete media.dataset.src;
        }

        for (const source of media.querySelectorAll('source[data-src]')) {
          source.src = source.dataset.src;
          delete source.dataset.src;
        }

        media.load();
        observer.unobserve(media);
      }
    },
    { rootMargin: '200px 0px' },
  );

  for (const media of lazyMediaElements) {
    // Hold back network fetches in unsupported browsers until intersection
    if (media.hasAttribute('poster')) {
      media.dataset.poster = media.getAttribute('poster');
      media.removeAttribute('poster');
    }
    if (media.hasAttribute('preload') && media.getAttribute('preload') !== 'none') {
      media.dataset.preload = media.getAttribute('preload');
    }
    media.preload = 'none';
    mediaObserver.observe(media);
  }
}