使用连接许可清单限制出站网络连接

Vary: Sec-Fetch-Dest
Reporting-Endpoints: conn-reports="https://app.example.com/api/security-reports"
Connection-Allowlist: (response-origin "https://api.example.com" "https://realtime.example.com" "https://*.cdn.example.com/*"); report-to=conn-reports
Connection-Allowlist-Report-Only: (response-origin "https://api.example.com/v2/*"); report-to=conn-reports

const ALLOWLIST_DESTS = new Set(['document', 'iframe', 'worker', 'sharedworker', 'serviceworker']);

// Normalize a config URL or URLPattern string for Connection-Allowlist:
// - Rewrites ws:// and wss:// to http:// and https:// (WebSocket matching rule).
// - Strips a bare trailing slash on origin-only URLs (e.g. from new URL(...).href)
//   so all subpaths on the origin are permitted instead of only "/".
export function normalizeAllowlistPattern(rawPattern) {
  const trimmed = String(rawPattern).trim().replace(/^ws(s?):\/\//i, 'http$1://');
  if (!/^https?:\/\//i.test(trimmed)) {
    throw new Error(`Pattern must include an http:// or https:// scheme: ${rawPattern}`);
  }
  if (/[\s,]/.test(trimmed)) {
    throw new Error(`Pattern must be a single URLPattern without spaces or commas: ${rawPattern}`);
  }
  if (/[()]/.test(trimmed)) {
    throw new Error(`Custom regex groups are rejected by Connection-Allowlist: ${rawPattern}`);
  }
  return trimmed.replace(/^(https?:\/\/[^/?#]+)\/$/i, '$1');
}

// Build an RFC 9651 Inner List value for Connection-Allowlist or Connection-Allowlist-Report-Only.
export function buildConnectionAllowlistHeader({
  allowSelf = true,
  patterns = [],
  reportTo,
  redirects = 'block',
  webrtc = 'block',
} = {}) {
  const items = allowSelf ? ['response-origin'] : [];
  for (const pattern of patterns) {
    const raw = String(pattern).trim();
    if (raw === 'response-origin') {
      if (!items.includes('response-origin')) items.push('response-origin');
      continue;
    }
    const normalized = normalizeAllowlistPattern(raw);
    items.push(`"${normalized.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/"/g, '\\"')}"`);
  }
  let header = `(${items.join(' ')})`;
  if (redirects === 'allow') header += '; redirects=allow';
  if (webrtc === 'allow') header += '; webrtc=allow';
  if (reportTo) {
    const endpointToken = String(reportTo).trim().replace(/^"+|"+$/g, '');
    header += `; report-to=${endpointToken}`;
  }
  return header;
}

// Server or middleware helper applying Connection-Allowlist and Reporting-Endpoints
// on document and worker responses.
export function setConnectionAllowlistHeaders(res, options = {}) {
  const {
    secFetchDest = 'document',
    patterns = ['https://api.example.com', 'https://realtime.example.com', 'https://*.cdn.example.com/*'],
    reportOnlyPatterns,
    reportEndpointName = 'conn-reports',
    reportEndpointUrl = 'https://app.example.com/api/security-reports',
    redirects = 'block',
    webrtc = 'block',
    reportOnly = false,
  } = options;

  const setHeader = (name, value) =>
    typeof res.setHeader === 'function' ? res.setHeader(name, value) : res.headers.set(name, value);

  if (typeof res.appendHeader === 'function') {
    res.appendHeader('Vary', 'Sec-Fetch-Dest');
  } else if (typeof res.headers?.append === 'function') {
    res.headers.append('Vary', 'Sec-Fetch-Dest');
  } else {
    setHeader('Vary', 'Sec-Fetch-Dest');
  }
  if (secFetchDest && !ALLOWLIST_DESTS.has(String(secFetchDest).toLowerCase())) return;

  setHeader('Reporting-Endpoints', `${reportEndpointName}="${reportEndpointUrl}"`);
  setHeader(
    reportOnly ? 'Connection-Allowlist-Report-Only' : 'Connection-Allowlist',
    buildConnectionAllowlistHeader({ allowSelf: true, patterns, reportTo: reportEndpointName, redirects, webrtc }),
  );

  if (!reportOnly && Array.isArray(reportOnlyPatterns)) {
    setHeader(
      'Connection-Allowlist-Report-Only',
      buildConnectionAllowlistHeader({
        allowSelf: true,
        patterns: reportOnlyPatterns,
        reportTo: reportEndpointName,
        redirects,
        webrtc,
      }),
    );
  }
}

// Client-side helper that catches blocked outbound requests gracefully without unhandled rejections.
export async function fetchWithPolicyHandling(url, { statusElement, ...fetchOptions } = {}) {
  try {
    const response = await fetch(url, fetchOptions);
    if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
    const body = await response.text();
    if (statusElement) {
      statusElement.textContent = `Allowed: Loaded ${url} (${body.length} bytes).`;
    }
    return { ok: true, body, error: null };
  } catch (error) {
    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
    if (statusElement) {
      statusElement.textContent = `Blocked: Request to ${url} was rejected by the outbound connection policy (${message}).`;
    }
    return { ok: false, body: null, error };
  }
}

Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com https://realtime.example.com wss://realtime.example.com; img-src 'self' https://*.cdn.example.com data: blob:; form-action 'self'; worker-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'self'; report-to conn-reports

<!-- Document-level fallback when HTTP response headers cannot be set on static hosting -->
<meta
  http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"
  content="default-src 'self'; connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com https://realtime.example.com wss://realtime.example.com; img-src 'self' https://*.cdn.example.com data: blob:; form-action 'self'; worker-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'self'"
/>