HTML-in-Canvas: 技術的なコンセプト

<canvas id="mainCanvas" width="600" height="400" content="drawable">
  <div id="parentElement" class="card" drawable>
    <h2>Container Title</h2>
    <p>Descriptive text inside the parent element.</p>
    <!-- Nested drawable: excluded from parentElement and drawn independently -->
    <button id="childElement" class="btn" drawable>Action Button</button>
  </div>
</canvas>

<canvas content="drawable">
  <!-- Subtree A (Renders parent container and text) -->
  <div id="parentElement" drawable>
    <h2>Parent Card Heading</h2>
    <p>Card body text content.</p>
    <!-- Subtree B (Excluded from Subtree A and drawn separately) -->
    <button id="nestedChildElement" drawable>
      Clickable Button
    </button>
  </div>
</canvas>

canvas.addEventListener("paint", (event) => {
  // Clear the viewport
  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

  // Redraw elements individually
  ctx.drawElementImage(parentElement, 20, 20);
  ctx.drawElementImage(childElement, 40, 90);
});

canvas.addEventListener("paint", (event) => {
  // Array of changed elements
  for (const el of event.changedElements) {
    console.log(`Element #${el.id} visually changed and needs repainting`);
  }
});

canvas.addEventListener("paint", () => {
  // Renders in the CURRENT rendering update:
  ctx.drawElementImage(parentElement, 20, 20);

  // Modifying DOM styles inside paint schedules a new layout cycle;
  // changes will appear in the NEXT frame:
  parentElement.style.backgroundColor = "#e0f2fe";
});

<!-- Outer parent canvas -->
<canvas id="parentCanvas" width="800" height="600" content="drawable">
  <!-- Wrapper container for nested content -->
  <div id="wrapperElement" drawable>

    <!-- Nested child canvas -->
    <canvas id="nestedCanvas" width="300" height="200" content="drawable">
      <div id="nestedElement" class="badge" drawable>
        Inner Child Content
      </div>
    </canvas>

  </div>
</canvas>

<script>
const parentCanvas = document.getElementById("parentCanvas");
const parentCtx = parentCanvas.getContext("2d");

const nestedCanvas = document.getElementById("nestedCanvas");
const nestedCtx = nestedCanvas.getContext("2d");

const nestedElement = document.getElementById("nestedElement");
const wrapperElement = document.getElementById("wrapperElement");

// ============================================================================
// 1. Child Canvas Listener (Fires FIRST)
// ============================================================================
nestedCanvas.addEventListener("paint", (event) => {
  // Clear and redraw the child canvas with the updated inner element
  nestedCtx.clearRect(0, 0, nestedCanvas.width, nestedCanvas.height);
  nestedCtx.drawElementImage(nestedElement, 10, 10);

  console.log("1. Child nested canvas rendered fresh pixels.");
});

// ============================================================================
// 2. Parent Canvas Listener (Fires SECOND)
// ============================================================================
parentCanvas.addEventListener("paint", (event) => {
  // Clear and redraw the parent canvas scene
  parentCtx.clearRect(0, 0, parentCanvas.width, parentCanvas.height);

  // Draws the wrapper container (including the freshly painted nestedCanvas)
  parentCtx.drawElementImage(wrapperElement, 50, 50);

  console.log("2. Parent canvas composited the complete scene.");
});
</script>

let animatedX = 0;

canvas.addEventListener("paint", () => {
  animatedX += 1.5; // Move the element horizontally
  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  ctx.drawElementImage(staticElement, 20, 20);
  ctx.drawElementImage(movingElement, animatedX, 200);
  // Request canvas paint on each rendering update for smooth animation
  canvas.requestPaint();
});

canvas.requestPaint();

// Updates the backdrop without stealing clicks from foreground elements
canvas.updateElementGeometry(backgroundElement, {
  canvasTransform: customTransform,
  preserveHitTestOrder: true
});

// Remove from canvas hit-testing and mark as offscreen
canvas.clearElementGeometry(childElement);

const observer = new ResizeObserver(([entry]) => {
  const dpc = entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize;
  canvas.width = dpc ? dpc[0].inlineSize : Math.round(entry.contentRect.width * window.devicePixelRatio);
  canvas.height = dpc ? dpc[0].blockSize : Math.round(entry.contentRect.height * window.devicePixelRatio);
});

const supportsDevicePixelContentBox =
  typeof ResizeObserverEntry !== 'undefined' &&
  'devicePixelContentBoxSize' in ResizeObserverEntry.prototype;
const options = supportsDevicePixelContentBox ? { box: 'device-pixel-content-box' } : {};
observer.observe(canvas, options);

// The number of canvas grid pixels per CSS pixel
let scaleX = 1;
let scaleY = 1;

const observer = new ResizeObserver(([entry]) => {
  const dpc = entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize;
  const cssContentWidth = entry.contentRect.width;
  const cssContentHeight = entry.contentRect.height;

  // Best practice: make the canvas grid match the physical pixel grid
  if (dpc) {
    canvas.width = dpc[0].inlineSize;
    canvas.height = dpc[0].blockSize;
  } else {
    canvas.width = Math.round(cssContentWidth * window.devicePixelRatio);
    canvas.height = Math.round(cssContentHeight * window.devicePixelRatio);
  }

  scaleX = canvas.width / cssContentWidth;
  scaleY = canvas.height / cssContentHeight;
});

const supportsDevicePixelContentBox =
  typeof ResizeObserverEntry !== 'undefined' &&
  'devicePixelContentBoxSize' in ResizeObserverEntry.prototype;
const options = supportsDevicePixelContentBox ? { box: 'device-pixel-content-box' } : {};
observer.observe(canvas, options);

const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
const card = document.getElementById('card');

canvas.onpaint = () => {
  ctx.reset();

  // offsetWidth and offsetHeight are in CSS pixels.
  // Convert them to canvas grid coordinates.
  const width = card.offsetWidth * scaleX;
  const height = card.offsetHeight * scaleY;
  const x = (canvas.width - width) / 2;
  const y = (canvas.height - height) / 2;

  // drawElementImage() takes canvas grid coordinates.
  ctx.drawElementImage(card, x, y);
};

#card {
  /* Make width and height include padding and border */
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 200px;
  padding: 16px;
}

<canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="300" content="drawable">
  <figure id="figure">
    <img drawable id="image" src="..." alt="image alt text" />
    <figcaption drawable id="caption">A caption</figcaption>
  </figure>
</canvas>
<script>
  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');

  canvas.onpaint = () => {
    ctx.reset();
    // Note: Because `preserveElementGeometry` defaults to false, the
    // `drawElementImage` call automatically updates geometry, ensuring
    // the image and caption have geometry information for accessibility.
    ctx.drawElementImage(image, 0, 0);
    ctx.drawElementImage(caption, 0, 200);
  };
</script>

export function supportsHtmlInCanvas() {
  if (typeof document === 'undefined') return false;
  const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
  canvas.setAttribute('content', 'drawable');
  return canvas.content === 'drawable';
}