Format and style messages in the Console

This guide shows you how to format and style messages in the Chrome DevTools Console. See Get Started With Logging Messages to learn how to log messages to the Console.

This guide assumes that you understand the fundamentals of web development, such as how to use JavaScript to add interactivity to a page.

Format console messages

You can use the format specifiers to format the console messages.

Format specifiers begin with a percent character (%) and terminate with a "type character" which indicates the type of data (integer, float, etc.).

For example,

  1. Open the Console
  2. Enter the following console command. js const tools = 'Chrome DevTools'; console.warn('%s is awesome.', tools);
  3. The command above produces Chrome DevTools is awesome. message. format string value

Here is the list of format specifiers Chrome DevTools support currently.

Specifier Output
%s Formats the value as a string
%i or %d Formats the value as an integer
%f Formats the value as a floating point value
%o Formats the value as an expandable DOM element
%O Formats the value as an expandable JavaScript object
%c Applies CSS style rules to the output string as specified by the second parameter

Apply multiple format specifiers

You can use more than one format specifier in a message.

  1. Enter the following console command. js console.info('The total weight of %i %s and %d %s is %f grams.', 3, 'apples', 2, 'oranges', 432.4);
  2. The command above produces The total weight of 3 apples and 2 oranges is 432.4 grams. message. multiple format specifiers

Understand type conversions

The output message will be converted according to the format specifier.

  1. Enter the following console command. js console.log('I have %i apples and %d oranges.', 2, 3.5);
  2. The command above produces I have 2 apples and 3 oranges. message. format integer values
  3. Instead of logging 3.5 oranges, the output is 3 oranges. The %d indicates that the value should/will be converted to an integer.

Here is an example of what happens if the type conversion is invalid.

  1. Enter the following console command. js console.log('Jane has %i kiwis.', 'two');
  2. The command above produces Jane has NaN kiwis. message. NaN in console message
  3. The %i indicates that the value should/will be converted to an integer, but the argument is a string. Thus it returns NaN (Not-A-Number).

Style console messages

There are two ways to style console messages in DevTools.

Style with format specifier

You can use the %c format specifier to style the console messages with CSS.

  1. Enter the following console command. js const style = 'background-color: darkblue; color: white; font-style: italic; border: 5px solid hotpink; font-size: 2em;' console.log("%cHooray", style);
  2. The command above produces Hooray with CSS styles applied. style output with CSS

Style with ANSI escape sequences

You can use the ANSI escape sequences to style console messages.

It is common for Node.js developers to colorize log messages via ANSI escape sequences, often with the help of some styling libraries like chalk, colors, ansi-colors, kleur.

Nevertheless, you can style the message with ANSI escape sequences without using any libraries. Here is the syntax:

\x1B[𝘗1;…;𝘗nm

Where,

  • 𝘗1 to 𝘗n are valid subsequences of SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) parameters.
  • Any of the parameters 𝘗1 to 𝘗n can be omitted, in which case its value is assumed to be zero.
  • \x1B[m is the shorthand for \x1B[0m, in which the display attribute will be reset.

For example,

  1. Enter the following console command. js console.log('\x1B[41;93;4mHello\x1B[m');
  2. The command above produces a Hello message with red background, yellow text and underlined. Hello

Here is a list of color codes supported in DevTools.

Foreground Background Light theme Dark theme
30 40
#00000
#00000
31 41
#AA0000
#ed4e4c
32 42
#00AA00
#01c800
33 43
#AA5500
#d2c057
34 44
#0000AA
#2774f0
35 45
#AA00AA
#a142f4
36 46
#00AAAA
#12b5cb
37 47
#AAAAAA
#cfd0d0
90 100
#555555
#898989
91 101
#FF5555
#f28b82
92 102
#55FF55
#01c801
93 103
#FFFF55
#ddfb55
94 104
#5555FF
#669df6
95 105
#FF55FF
#d670d6
96 106
#55FFFF
#84f0ff
97 107
#FFFFFF
#FFFFFF

Here is a list of styling code supported in DevTools.

Parameter(s) Meaning
0 Reset all display attributes
1 font-weight: bold
2 font-weight: lighter
3 font-style: italic
4 Add underline to text-decoration property
9 Add line-through to text-decoration property
22 Reset font-weight property
23 Reset font-style property
24 Remove underline from text-decoration property
29 Remove line-through from text-decoration property
38;2;𝑅;𝐺;𝐵 color: rgb(𝑅,𝐺,𝐵)
39 Reset color property
48;2;𝑅;𝐺;𝐵 background: rgb(𝑅,𝐺,𝐵)
49 Reset background property
53 Add overline to text-decoration property
55 Remove overline from text-decoration property

Here is another more complex example with multiple stylings.

  1. Enter the following console command. ```js const hello = '\x1B[41;93;4mHello'; const space = '\x1B[m '; const world = '\x1B[34;102;9mWorld';

    console.log(hello + space + world); ```

  2. The command above produces a Hello World message with 3 differnt styles. Hello World